Perfect bases in representation theory: three mountains and their springs

Abstract

In order to give a combinatorial descriptions of tensor product multiplicites for semisimple groups, it is useful to find bases for representations which are compatible with the actions of Chevalley generators of the Lie algebra. There are three known examples of such bases, each of which flows from geometric or algebraic mountain. Remarkably, each mountain gives the same combinatorial shadow: the crystal $B(\infty )$ and the Mirković–Vilonen polytopes. In order to distinguish between the three bases, we introduce measures supported on these polytopes. We also report on the interaction of these bases with the cluster structure on the coordinate ring of the maximal unipotent subgroup.