Arithmetic properties of and the structure of the multiplicative group modulo
Igor E. Shparlinski
University of New South Wales, Sydney, AustraliaWilliam D Banks
University of Missouri-Columbia, United StatesFlorian Luca
UNAM, Campus Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
![Arithmetic properties of $φ(n)/λ(n)$ and the structure of the multiplicative group modulo $n$ cover](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.ems.press%2Fassets%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fserials%2Fcover-cmh.png&w=3840&q=90)
Abstract
For a positive integer , we let and denote the Euler function and the Carmichael function, respectively. We define as the ratio and study various arithmetic properties of .
Cite this article
Igor E. Shparlinski, William D Banks, Florian Luca, Arithmetic properties of and the structure of the multiplicative group modulo . Comment. Math. Helv. 81 (2006), no. 1, pp. 1–22
DOI 10.4171/CMH/40