Arithmetic properties of and the structure of the multiplicative group modulo

  • Igor E. Shparlinski

    University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  • William D Banks

    University of Missouri-Columbia, United States
  • Florian Luca

    UNAM, Campus Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

Abstract

For a positive integer , we let and denote the Euler function and the Carmichael function, respectively. We define as the ratio and study various arithmetic properties of .

Cite this article

Igor E. Shparlinski, William D Banks, Florian Luca, Arithmetic properties of and the structure of the multiplicative group modulo . Comment. Math. Helv. 81 (2006), no. 1, pp. 1–22

DOI 10.4171/CMH/40