The ground state energy of the two dimensional Ginzburg–Landau functional with variable magnetic field

Abstract

We consider the Ginzburg–Landau functional with a variable applied magnetic field in a bounded and smooth two dimensional domain. We determine an accurate asymptotic formula for the minimizing energy when the Ginzburg–Landau parameter and the magnetic field are large and of the same order. As a consequence, it is shown how bulk superconductivity decreases in average as the applied magnetic field increases.