Compressed sensing for inverse problems and the sample complexity of the sparse Radon transform
Giovanni S. Alberti
University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyAlessandro Felisi
University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyMatteo Santacesaria
University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyS. Ivan Trapasso
Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

Abstract
Compressed sensing allows for the recovery of sparse signals from few measurements, whose number is proportional to the sparsity of the unknown signal, up to logarithmic factors. The classical theory typically considers either random linear measurements or subsampled isometries and has found many applications, including accelerated magnetic resonance imaging, which is modeled by the subsampled Fourier transform. In this work, we develop a general theory of infinite-dimensional compressed sensing for abstract inverse problems, possibly ill-posed, involving an arbitrary forward operator. This is achieved by considering a generalized restricted isometry property and a quasi-diagonalization property of the forward map. As a notable application, for the first time, we obtain rigorous recovery estimates for the sparse Radon transform (i.e., with a finite number of angles ), which models computed tomography, in both the parallel-beam and the fan-beam settings. In the case when the unknown signal is -sparse with respect to an orthonormal basis of compactly supported wavelets, we prove stable recovery under the condition , up to logarithmic factors.
Cite this article
Giovanni S. Alberti, Alessandro Felisi, Matteo Santacesaria, S. Ivan Trapasso, Compressed sensing for inverse problems and the sample complexity of the sparse Radon transform. J. Eur. Math. Soc. (2025), published online first
DOI 10.4171/JEMS/1617