The index of isolated umbilics on surfaces of non-positive curvature

Abstract

It is shown that if a $C^2$ surface $M\subset {\mathbb{R}}^3$ has negative curvature on the complement of a point $q\in M$, then the $\mathbb{Z}/2$-valued Poincaré-Hopf index at $q$ of either distribution of principal directions on $M-\{q\}$ is non-positive. Conversely, any non-positive half-integer arises in this fashion. The proof of the index estimate is based on geometric-topological arguments, an index theorem for symmetric tensors on Riemannian surfaces, and some aspects of the classical Poincaré-Bendixson theory.